What kind of posts are they? Pure spam: e.g. Ch33p v14gr4!!!1. If so, you're probably dealing with xrumer and the only thing you can do is use a better captcha to slow them down.
If it's more manual spam or just fake nicks starting shit, try setting another cookie containing an array of all of the usernames they use. I've had great luck with that on a vbulletin forum. As long as they don't completely clear their cookies you'll nab a lot of people that way.
You could even extend it by not allowing them to register if they have your new cookie set. I haven't done but it would be easy to implement.
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