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The book Command and Control by Eric Schlosser is a really good read on nuclear stuff. The 'little boy' bomb dropped on Hiroshima, only 1.38% went super critical causing atomic explosion. The rest was blown apart before going super critical, so did not do anything. So just 1.38% caused all that damage.
Also the reason they chose airburst detonation, is because air has a half life of 7 seconds, so does not cause much fallout.
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