California's Spanish Origin

[Bosa]

Mural of Queen Calafia and her Amazons in the Room of the Dons at the Mark Hopkins Hotel, San Francisco, California.

California, Calafia, Khalif: The Origin of the Name "California"

The California of 16th Century Spanish Explorers
The name "California" derives from a 16th Century romance novel written by a Spanish author named Garcia Ordonez de Montalvo. It was titled, "Las Sergas del muy esforzado caballero Esplandian, hijo del excelente rey Amadis de Gaula," meaning "The exploits of the very powerful cavalier Esplandian, son of the excellent king Amadis of Gaul."

The novel described an island, very close to the Garden of Eden, full of gold, which was ruled by strong and beautiful black women. This island was also populated by griffins, a fantastical lion-eagle hybrid, which the women kept as pets. Any man who found his way onto this island was killed and fed to the griffins. The name of this mythical island? California.

Montalvo described it as follows:

"Know that, on the right hand of the Indies was an island called California, very near to the region of the Terrestrial Paradise, which was populated by black women, without there being any men among them, that almost like the Amazons was their style of living. They were of vigorous bodies and strong and ardent hearts and of great strength; the island itself the strongest in steep rocks and cliff boulders that is found in the world; their arms were all of gold, and also the harnesses of the wild beasts, on which, after having tamed them, they rode; that in all the island there was no other metal whatsoever... On this island, called California there were many griffins ... and in the time that they had young these women would --- take them to their caves, and there raise them. And ... they fattened them on those men and the boys that they had born... Any make that entered the island was killed and eaten by them ... There ruled on that island of California, a queen great of body, very beautiful for her race, at a flourishing age, desirous in her thoughts of achieving great things, valiant in strength, cunning in her brave heart, more than any other who had ruled that kingdom before her ... Queen Calafia."

How did the name of this mythical island become the name of the 31st state of the union? Spanish explorers during the 1500s were familiar with the story and applied the name to what is now called Baja California, which at the time, they thought was an island. Based on legends prevalent at the time, Spanish explorers were searching for a mythical island paradise. Even though it later became clear that Baja California was not an island, once the name started being used on maps, it stuck.

California's Islamic Origin
So 16th century Spanish explorers got the name from Montalvo's story, but where did Montalvo get the name? Muslims.

The inspiration for the word was likely "Khalif" or "Khalifa" which means "successor" in Arabic but more specifically refers in Islam to a head of state or leader of the Muslims. Montalvo was surely familiar with these words. Portions of Spain were ruled by the Moors, who were Muslim, from 757 to 1492. And it fits the story's narrative. Montalvo's novel was a fanciful rehash of the struggle between Christians and Muslims during the crusades.



The Islamic origin of the name illustrates an example of how our lives are affected by many different cultural influences, even if we are not explicitly aware of them. In addition to coffee, algebra, hospitals, and toothbrushes, the name of our state finds its origin in the Muslim world. Just like our present day state, the name "California" is a confluence of multiple cultural influences.

Queen Calafia's name is likely a derivative of the Arabic word 'Khalif' or 'Khalifa' .
So the name "California" traces its origin to a centuries old story about an island, full of gold, run by black women who fed men to their pet griffins. Like other Amazonian legends, the island of California was a place filled with strong, self-sufficient women who solicited male attention completely on their own terms. This story resonates in California, which has a long history of gender roles being reconstructed. And it is fitting that this state, which has served as a frontier for issues of race, gender and religion, gets its name from a mythical story where race, gender and religion collide. Finally, the story of an island full of gold foreshadowed the Gold Rush, which propelled the idea of the California dream around the world.

This state, which has spawned so many of its own myths, has its origin in myth. The Spanish explorers were looking for an "island dream" when they gave California its name. And hundreds of years later, people still come to California searching for their own piece of the California dream.

[BagOfDirtyAssholes]

Whose piece of shit fake nic is this pushing this diversity nonsense?

Coincidence that Bosa is Russian?

[Vendzilla]

Originally Posted by BagOfDirtyAssholes

Whose piece of shit fake nic is this pushing this diversity nonsense?

Coincidence that Bosa is Russian?

It's not nonsense, this was taught to us in grade school in California.

[brassmonkey]

they sold their souls. who cares about that shit???

[Bosa]

Originally Posted by BagOfDirtyAssholes

Whose piece of shit fake nic is this pushing this diversity nonsense?

Coincidence that Bosa is Russian?

Originally Posted by Vendzilla

It's not nonsense, this was taught to us in grade school in California.

Stay in your lane Грязный мудак

[CurrentlySober]

Originally Posted by brassmonkey

who cares about that shit???

I care about ALL shit...

#AllShitMatters

[Grapesoda]

Originally Posted by Bosa

The Islamic origin of the name illustrates

that's nice sweetie


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology_of_California
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymol...Song_of_Roland

bro muslims/arabs are not a super species of humanity okay? islam/Arabs have ALWAYS made living by A. sitting on a trade route. JUST like now and with B, slavery and other exploitation of resources from subjugated areas.

ps I wouldn't put much relevance on anything san francisco does. san fran is a bigoted very biais area. even metallica had to move the fuck out of there lol!!

[Bladewire]

Originally Posted by Bosa

Stay in your lane Грязный мудак

What did the five fingers say to the face?

[Bosa]

Originally Posted by Grapesoda

that's nice sweetie


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology_of_California
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymol...Song_of_Roland

bro muslims/arabs are not a super species of humanity okay? islam/Arabs have ALWAYS made living by A. sitting on a trade route. JUST like now and with B, slavery and other exploitation of resources from subjugated areas.

ps I wouldn't put much relevance on anything san francisco does. san fran is a bigoted very biais area. even metallica had to move the fuck out of there lol!!

In 1917, Ruth Putnam printed an exhaustive account of the work performed up to that time. She wrote that both Calafia and California most likely came from the Arabic word khalifa which means steward[6] or leader. The same word in Spanish was califa, easily made into California to stand for "land of the caliph" خلیف, or Calafia to stand for "female caliph" خلیفه .

[Bosa]

Originally Posted by Grapesoda

that's nice sweetie
bro muslims/arabs are not a super species of humanity okay? islam/Arabs have ALWAYS made living by A. sitting on a trade route. JUST like now and with B, slavery and other exploitation of resources from subjugated areas.

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a 9th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer. He is known as the "father of algebra", a word derived from the title of his book, Kitab al-Jabr.

Algebra (from Arabic "al-jabr", literally meaning "reunion of broken parts"[1]) is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols;[2] it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics.[3

Islamic scientists preserved Greek ideas and expanded on them during the Middle Ages.[4] By the early 17th century, geometry had been put on a solid analytic footing by mathematicians such as René Descartes and Pierre de Fermat. Since then, and into modern times, geometry has expanded into non-Euclidean geometry and manifolds, describing spaces that lie beyond the normal range of human experience.[5]

Here are seven star names and their Arabic origins:
Beta Scorpii. (Via Astrology King) ...
Alpha Eridani. Source: starsastro. ...
Alpha Capricorni. Source: astropixels. ...
Beta Persei. (Via Astro Bob) ...
Delta Corvi. Algorab, is derived from the Arabic al-Ghourab (the crow.) ...
Mu Draconis. ...
Beta Cassiopeiae.

Science in the medieval Islamic world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world#Astronomy_an d_cosmology

Today, in almost every aspect of our daily lives, we are indebted in many ways to the Arab contributions to the sciences. The vast contributions, scholarly achievements and innovations of the Arab/Muslim era to world civilization encompassed much of the previous knowledge of the ancient civilizations of the Middle East such as Mesopotamia, Syria, the Greeks, and that of India, China and Persia. Arab and Muslim scholars would come to nourish that which existed, comment on it and then add and create fields within science that eventually would be transferred to Europe and to the rest of the world.

It was only in the 19th century that some Western scholars acquired sufficient objectivity to admit openly that much of European learning was based on the knowledge that the Arabs had brought to the still developing continent.
One of the first modern historians to be convinced of the importance and impact of the Arabs and Arabic for the study of world history was George Sarton (1884-1956), a Harvard Orientalist who is considered the father of the history of science. His, An Introduction to the History of Science, was one of the first works to give Arab culture its due in regards to world civilization.

Also, the significant Arab advancements in the fields of agriculture, food, music, architecture, physical sciences, philosophy, technology and other fields of knowledge were passed on to the West.

As Sarton explains: “Investigation, accumulation of positive knowledge, minute methods of science and prolonged observation were alien to Greek temperament. The Arabs introduced these to Europe. European science owes its existence to the Arabs”

The influence of Arab medicine encompassed in the early 13th century, the establishment of one of Europe’s leading medical schools, at Montpellier, in southern France which remained one of Europe’s best for centuries. Established along the lines of Arab medical schools, its curriculum included initially 16 medical books, 13 of which used in teaching were of Arab-Islamic instruction.

The Arabs also brought the art of producing paper from the Chinese to Sicily and Spain, then to Italy and France, causing a great increase in book production, hence, encouraging learning. Paper was a Chinese invention before the birth of Christ, but the Arabs expanded its use and introduced paper making to almost all the known countries of the world at that time. They utilized new materials such as flax, rags and vegetable fibres, and introduced new methods for its manufacture.

In Europe, Toledo became the center of paper manufacturing during the Moorish age and from there, spread to the Christian kingdoms of Spain, then to other European countries. In the same fashion, after being introduced into Sicily, the art of paper manufacturing spread to the all parts of the Italian Peninsula. The introduction of paper into Europe made possible the production of books in large quantities. Before that time, the parchment used in the making of books was so expensive that only cathedrals and monasteries could afford to possess libraries. As a result, knowledge expanded and the base was set for the European Renaissance.



https://www.arabamerica.com/arab-con...-the-sciences/

[escorpio]

Originally Posted by Bladewire

Blaidwire loses again.

[Bosa]

Originally Posted by escorpio

Blaidwire loses again.

What did he loose? Blaidewire are you ok?

[OneHungLo]

Originally Posted by Bosa

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a 9th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer. He is known as the "father of algebra", a word derived from the title of his book, Kitab al-Jabr.

Algebra (from Arabic "al-jabr", literally meaning "reunion of broken parts"[1]) is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols;[2] it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics.[3

Islamic scientists preserved Greek ideas and expanded on them during the Middle Ages.[4] By the early 17th century, geometry had been put on a solid analytic footing by mathematicians such as René Descartes and Pierre de Fermat. Since then, and into modern times, geometry has expanded into non-Euclidean geometry and manifolds, describing spaces that lie beyond the normal range of human experience.[5]

Here are seven star names and their Arabic origins:
Beta Scorpii. (Via Astrology King) ...
Alpha Eridani. Source: starsastro. ...
Alpha Capricorni. Source: astropixels. ...
Beta Persei. (Via Astro Bob) ...
Delta Corvi. Algorab, is derived from the Arabic al-Ghourab (the crow.) ...
Mu Draconis. ...
Beta Cassiopeiae.

Science in the medieval Islamic world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world#Astronomy_an d_cosmology

Today, in almost every aspect of our daily lives, we are indebted in many ways to the Arab contributions to the sciences. The vast contributions, scholarly achievements and innovations of the Arab/Muslim era to world civilization encompassed much of the previous knowledge of the ancient civilizations of the Middle East such as Mesopotamia, Syria, the Greeks, and that of India, China and Persia. Arab and Muslim scholars would come to nourish that which existed, comment on it and then add and create fields within science that eventually would be transferred to Europe and to the rest of the world.

It was only in the 19th century that some Western scholars acquired sufficient objectivity to admit openly that much of European learning was based on the knowledge that the Arabs had brought to the still developing continent.
One of the first modern historians to be convinced of the importance and impact of the Arabs and Arabic for the study of world history was George Sarton (1884-1956), a Harvard Orientalist who is considered the father of the history of science. His, An Introduction to the History of Science, was one of the first works to give Arab culture its due in regards to world civilization.

Also, the significant Arab advancements in the fields of agriculture, food, music, architecture, physical sciences, philosophy, technology and other fields of knowledge were passed on to the West.

As Sarton explains: “Investigation, accumulation of positive knowledge, minute methods of science and prolonged observation were alien to Greek temperament. The Arabs introduced these to Europe. European science owes its existence to the Arabs”

The influence of Arab medicine encompassed in the early 13th century, the establishment of one of Europe’s leading medical schools, at Montpellier, in southern France which remained one of Europe’s best for centuries. Established along the lines of Arab medical schools, its curriculum included initially 16 medical books, 13 of which used in teaching were of Arab-Islamic instruction.

The Arabs also brought the art of producing paper from the Chinese to Sicily and Spain, then to Italy and France, causing a great increase in book production, hence, encouraging learning. Paper was a Chinese invention before the birth of Christ, but the Arabs expanded its use and introduced paper making to almost all the known countries of the world at that time. They utilized new materials such as flax, rags and vegetable fibres, and introduced new methods for its manufacture.

In Europe, Toledo became the center of paper manufacturing during the Moorish age and from there, spread to the Christian kingdoms of Spain, then to other European countries. In the same fashion, after being introduced into Sicily, the art of paper manufacturing spread to the all parts of the Italian Peninsula. The introduction of paper into Europe made possible the production of books in large quantities. Before that time, the parchment used in the making of books was so expensive that only cathedrals and monasteries could afford to possess libraries. As a result, knowledge expanded and the base was set for the European Renaissance.



https://www.arabamerica.com/arab-con...-the-sciences/

And now we have centuries on top of centuries of inbreeding because mohammad fucked his cousin and destroyed the Arab world. Which is pretty much why the middle east hasn't contributed shit to human civilization in the last millennia.

[crockett]

Originally Posted by BagOfDirtyAssholes

Whose piece of shit fake nic is this pushing this diversity nonsense?

Coincidence that Bosa is Russian?

Suddenly there are fake Russian nicks..

[brassmonkey]

Originally Posted by OneHungLo

And now we have centuries on top of centuries of inbreeding because mohammad fucked his cousin and destroyed the Arab world. Which is pretty much why the middle east hasn't contributed shit to human civilization in the last millennia.

ahhh you babble sum racist bullshit! doing this all day? the front is looking for a mod