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"Researchers before the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union attempting to count the number of people killed under Stalin's regime produced estimates ranging from 3 to 60 million.[89] After the Soviet Union dissolved, evidence from the Soviet archives also became available, containing official records of the execution of approximately 800,000 prisoners under Stalin for either political or criminal offenses, around 1.7 million deaths in the Gulags and some 390,000 deaths during kulak forced resettlement ? for a total of about 3 million officially recorded victims in these categories.[90] The official Soviet archival records do not contain comprehensive figures for some categories of victims, such as the those of ethnic deportations or of German population transfers in the aftermath of World War II.[91] Eric D. Weitz wrote, "By 1948, according to Nicolas Werth, the mortality rate of the 600,000 people deported from the Caucasus between 1943 and 1944 had reached 25%."[92][93] Other notable exclusions from NKVD data on repression deaths include the Katyn massacre, other killings in the newly occupied areas, and the mass shootings of Red Army personnel (deserters and so-called deserters) in 1941. The Soviets executed 158,000 soldiers for desertion during the war,[94] and the "blocking detachments" of the NKVD shot thousands more.[95] Also, the official statistics on Gulag mortality exclude deaths of prisoners taking place shortly after their release but which resulted from the harsh treatment in the camps.[96] Some historians also believe the official archival figures of the categories that were recorded by Soviet authorities to be unreliable and incomplete.[97][page needed][98] In addition to failures regarding comprehensive recordings, as one additional example, Robert Gellately and Simon Sebag-Montefiore argue the many suspects beaten and tortured to death while in "investigative custody" were likely not to have been counted amongst the executed.[23][99] Historians working after the Soviet Union's dissolution have estimated victim totals ranging from approximately 4 million to nearly 10 million, not including those who died in famines.[100] Russian writer Vadim Erlikman, for example, makes the following estimates: executions, 1.5 million; gulags, 5 million; deportations, 1.7 million out of 7.5 million deported; and POWs and German civilians, 1 million ? a total of about 9 million victims of repression.[101] Some have also included deaths of 6 to 8 million people in the 1932?1933 famine as victims of Stalin's repression. This categorization is controversial however, as historians differ as to whether the famine was a deliberate part of the campaign of repression against kulaks and others,[51][102][103][104][105] or simply an unintended consequence of the struggle over forced collectivization.[67][106][107] Accordingly, if famine victims are included, a minimum of around 10 million deaths?6 million from famine and 4 million from other causes?are attributable to the regime,[108] with a number of recent historians suggesting a likely total of around 20 million, citing much higher victim totals from executions, gulags, deportations and other causes.[109] Adding 6?8 million famine victims to Erlikman's estimates above, for example, would yield a total of between 15 and 17 million victims. Researcher Robert Conquest, meanwhile, has revised his original estimate of up to 30 million victims down to 20 million.[110] In his most recent edition of The Great Terror (2007), Conquest states that while exact numbers may never be known with complete certainty, the various terror campaigns launched by the Soviet government claimed no fewer than 15 million lives.[111] Others maintain that their earlier higher victim total estimates are correct.[112][113]" |
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BTW, what's about 20,000 of Soviet people died in Polish captivity in 1920? Are you not informed about it? Lack of FOX/CNN education? Is is a "genocide" too? P.S. Which country has liberated Poland after German Nazi and saved million of lives? Uncle Sam and Co? I don't think so... |
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I'm roughing it.
It's the middle of January and it's sunny and 70. I always get paranoid when I'm out driving as I don't want to smash into somebody's Porsche or not pay attention and run through their gates. It's a hard hard life. The worst part? Stepping out of the pool in January and walking into my tiled and air conditioned living room. Burrr. |
i go back to america only to load up on household stuff at walmart and dollar tree. i fill up 2 duffle bags with simple items that are expensive here. the only real benefit america has is cheaper toiletries, electronics, and household supplies than the rest of the world. other than that i dont really have much use for it
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Answered what about Israel? I was talking about living in Miami, and I've never mentioned that I wanted to live in Israel ever, in the last 9 years of posting here. What was your question based on? I've never said that I wanted to live in Russia, nor have I said that I wanted to live in Germany, or China, or Japan, or Chili, or Burma, etc, etc,etc... Why aren't you asking me about those? You make no sense whatsoever. The subject of the post was about how terrible it is to the US, and then it veered because apparently Russia is the one place where no atrocities have occurred, according to you (a person that can't even read one page of history). :1orglaugh and btw, I may end up lving in Israel someday, or Panama, or India, or, who knows? I've been moving around my whole life.... Still pointless to the discussion at hand, isn't it? . |
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Wow.... your reading comprehension skills are very very poor. Good luck with that though! .:winkwink: |
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Look! I'm replying to your post! Wow, THAT must be really annoying! :1orglaugh:1orglaugh:1orglaugh . |
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Dark history yes, but that whole African enslavement thing is all yours. |
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The British for sure had African slaves. Africans enslaved their own people to sell them. So how is "that whole African enslavement thing all yours"?? |
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.:2 cents: |
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I was wrong, it wasn't made illegal until the 1980s... and even with that... Main article: Slavery in Mauritania A system exists now by which Arab Muslims -- the bidanes?own black slaves, the haratines. An estimated 90,000 Mauritanians remain essentially enslaved.[25] The ruling bidanes (the name means literally white-skinned people) are descendants of the Sanhaja Berbers and Beni Hassan Arab tribes who emigrated to northwest Africa and present-day Western Sahara and Mauritania during the Middle Ages.[26] According to some estimates, up to 600,000 Mauritanians, or 20% of the population, are still enslaved, many of them used as bonded labour.[27] Slavery in Mauritania was criminalized in August 2007.[28] Malouma Messoud, a former Muslim slave has explained her enslavement to a religious leader: "We didn't learn this history in school; we simply grew up within this social hierarchy and lived it. Slaves believe that if they do not obey their masters, they will not go to paradise. They are raised in a social and religious system that everyday reinforces this idea.[29]" In Mauritania, despite slave ownership having been banned by law in 1981, hereditary slavery continues.[30] Moreover, according to Amnesty International: "Not only has the government denied the existence of slavery and failed to respond to cases brought to its attention, it has hampered the activities of organisations which are working on the issue, including by refusing to grant them official recognition".[31] Imam El Hassan Ould Benyamin of Tayarat in 1997 expressed his views about earlier proclamations ending slavery in his country as follows: "[it] is contrary to the teachings of the fundamental text of Islamic law, the Quran ... [and] amounts to the expropriation from Muslims of their goods; goods that were acquired legally. The state, if it is Islamic, does not have the right to seize my house, my wife or my slave."[32] |
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And yes, other cultures had slaves, but the point of discussion was the AMERICAN history of it. So on the debate about it being also a Russian thing the answer would be in fact 'no, it's an american thing'. I hope that clears up the misunderstanding. :D |
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